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BUILD WISELY WITH WOOD 



Copyright, igij 
by California Redwood Association 



APR 23 1917 



©aA462074 

• f 




THE magnificent Redwoods — Xature's lum- 
ber masterpiece. Awe-inspiring in its ma- 
jestic grandeur, the Redzcood is king of 
kings in Treelhnd. No other tree grozcs so 
big, so old and so imperial. 7 he Rcdzvoods 
are descendants of trees existing in great 
forests before the Glacial Age. but which 
perished from earth in that upheazal. except 
for a limited area in California. They are 
the only kiiozvn liznng connection between 
today and the unfathomed ages before the 
coming of man. zvhen plant and animal life 
is represented by geologists to haze been big- 
ger and more imposing than similar 
life i)i the present period 



CALIFORNIA 



Wood Used on the Farm Should 

Defy Decay 
Resist Fire 
Last Without Paint 
Be Light and Strong 
Easy to Work 

and 
Not Shrink or Warp 

Then Use Redwood for 

All Moist Contacts Hot Beds 



Barn Boards 
Barn Doors 
Benches 
Brooders 

Ceiling 

Cess Pool Lining 

Columns 

Concrete Forms 

Cribs and Bins 

Cribbing 

Door and Window 

Casings 
Doors 
Drain Boxes 

Exterior Trim 

Farm Signs 
Feed Racks 
Feed Troughs 
Fencing 
Fence Posts 
Fire Protection 
Flower Boxes 
Flume 
Framing 
Fruit Trays and 
Boxes 

Garages 

Greenhouses 

Gutters 

Hog Houses 



Implement Sheds 
Incubators 
Irrigation Gates 

Lagging 

Manure Boxes 
Mouldings 
Mud Sills 

Outhouses 

Partitions 
Pergolas 
Porch Rails 
Porticos 
Poultry Houses 

Repairs 
Rot Resistance 
Roofing (shingles 
and shakes) 

Sheathing 

Siding 

Silos 

Stakes and Props 

Starting Boxes 

Stock Tanks 

Sullage Receptacles 

Supply Tanks 

Tinkering 

Walks 
Water Pipe 
Well Casing 
Well Houses 



And all interior finish in the 
farm house 



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The oldest 
living thing 
in the world 



EDWOOD is lumber from the 
''Big Trees" of California — the 
eighth wonder of the world. 
Scientists call them Sequoia sem- 

1 pervirens, which, when translated 

into our every-day tongue, means "Se- 
quoia ever living." Sequoia is an Indian 
name — the name of a chief of great 
power and influence among his people, 
and therefore is typical of greatness. 

Iliese trees are the oldest living 
things in the world, and many were 
sturdy saplings 2000 years ago, when 
the three wise men followed the Star 
of Bethlehem to the manger wherein 
lay the Christian Saviour. 

They are wonderful trees, these Red- 
woods, and they produce a lumber with 
remarkable resistance to rot and fire. 







rWflB,fe-] 



<:r 




K^- ^fj^-me-' '> 



'undercut" — the first stef in the felling of giant 
Rcdzvoods. Guess the diameter of tliis one 



DEFIES ROT 

[5] 



CALIFORNIA 

In fact, the real secret of the "Big 
Trees'' of Cahfornia is defiance of decay 
and fire. 

The Sequoia gigantea are a few isola- 
ted groves of enormously big trees in the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains, that range in 
age from 2,000 to 6,000 years. They are 
first cousins to the Redwoods, and these 
patriarchs of the forest, despite their 
great age, are regularly bearing and rip- 
ening cones. These trees are set apart 
in protected preserves for the enjoyment 
of tourists. 

The Redwoods, from which commer- 
cial lumber is cut, grow in heavy stands 
along the Pacific Coast Hne in Cali- 
fornia from Monterey Bay to Oregon, 
and in what is known as the fog belt. 
They thrive only in excessive moisture, 
and do not grow inland farther than 
thirty to forty miles. 

They grow from 5 to 25 feet in diam- 
eter, and from 75 to 400 feet in height. 
The bark is distinctive, being cinnamon 
brown in color and fluted from the base 
to the top of a tree like a Corinthian 
column, which makes the magnificent 
Redwood forest as impressive as the 
cold, silent walls of an ancient cathe- 
dral. The floor of the forest is carpeted 
with wonderful ferns, and the beautiful 
rhododendrons lend a f^ash of color — 
when touched by the golden sunbeams, 
a sight never to be forgotten. 




The huge butt logs weigh front 30 to 50 tons. Some are 
split with gunpowder so they can be handled at the 
mill. The biggest band saws will only cut a i2-foot log 



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Redwood 
is a fire 
protection 



lARM buildings are built of wood. 
From the home of the farmer to 
the shelter in the hog pen, wood 
is cheapest, the easiest to handle 

land most satisfactory. But wood 

will burn ; so the farmer must keep his 
weather eye open for the menace of fire. 
For convenience, Mr. Farmer, you 
group your buildings to work your 
farm to best advantage. In doing this 
you sometimes subject buildings to fire 
exposure. Fire on the farm is usually 
disastrous ; so it pays the farmer to build 
with wood 

hard to ignite, 
slow to burn 

and 
easy to put out. 
The photograph of the Bellevue Apart- 
ments shown below tells in a picture 
how Redwood resists fire. A paint shop 
alongside this apartment building was 
completely destroyed by fire. The big 
apartment was afire from the ground 
to the eaves, but it was saved because 
it was covered with Redwood siding. 




Bellevue Apartments, Berkeley, Cal. The charred siding 

is Redwood, which was subjected to a fierce fire which 

totally destroyed the adjoining building, a paint shop. 

The Redwood siding saved this building 



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I E S 

[71 



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CALIFORNIA 

—'^—^—^—^-^ II, III I, 

While the siding charred, and, for ap- 
pearance sake, was replaced, it repre- 
sents a minimum of property loss, while 
at the same time affording a m-iximum 
of safety to tenants. 



If you can save your home, 
your barn, your silo or other 
farm buildings, if built of Red- 
wood, from a similar losi in 
case of fire, it's a mighty good 
investment, isn't it? 

The strongest possible recognition of 
this fire-resistance quality will be found 
in the following resolution passed by 
the Building Committee appointed by 
the Mayor of San Francisco, following 
the great fire in 1906, to provide and 
regulate temporary housing conditions 
for the refugees : 

"Resolved, that no permits shall be 
given at the present time for the con- 
struction of any buildings in San 
Francisco, but owners of property 
will be allowed to erect upon their 
premises one-story buildings con- 
structed of galvanized iron or Red- 
wood, without a permit." 

Of all woods available only Redwood 
could be used. 
Why? 

We will let Chief Engineer P. H. 
Shaughnessy,of the San Francisco Fire 
Department, give the reason — 

"After an extended experience of 
more than 22 years in active connec- 
tion with the San Francisco Fire De- 
partment, the results of my observa- 
tions convince me that under simih^r 
conditions of heat exposure Redwood 
lumber ignites much less quickly and 
burns much more slowly than . . . 
o ther resinous soft building woods 
with which I am familiar ; and I am 
also convinced that when Redwood 
becomes ignited the fire is much more 
easily extinguished than in the com- 
bustion of . . . and other soft building 
woods. The reason of these differ- 
ences, I think, is largely owing to the 
fact that Redwood is well known as 
a non-resinous wood." 



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[81 



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The Test by Fire 

Redwood is fire tested in the log before 
it gets to the market as commercial 
lumber. Because of the enormous size 
of the Redwood tree the logs are very 
heavy — a 1 6-foot butt log weighing 
from 30 to 50 tons, according to the 
size of the tree. The butt log is the 
first cut above the ground. After the 
trees are felled the bark is peeled, top 
branches cut off, and this litter, to- 
gether with undergrowth, is a serious 
interference. To get rid of this ''slash," 
as the logger calls it, he sets it on fire. 
The giant Redwood logs come out of 
this terrific heat with only a slight sur- 
face scar. 

California Redwood is the only timber 
that can be logged in this way. 



Why It Resists Fire 

Why is Redwood fire resistant? Be- 
cause it has been made so by nature. 
It does not contain resin or pitch, which 
are the inflammable elements in other 
wood. Redwood neither attracts nor 
feeds fire. Redwood is porous and there- 
fore quickly absorbs water. This ac- 
counts for its unwillingness to burn 
when wet and the ease with which fire 
is put out. 




The use of Redzvood for your farm buildings may save 

them from destruction as in the case of this building 

in the conflagration at Clozerdale, Cal. 



DEFIES 



ROT 



[9] 



CALIFORNIA 



Redwood 
resists rot 
when exposed 




ESISTANCE to rot adds to the 
value of wood used on the farm. 
The economy is equal to multi- 
plying the cost of using a quick- 
rotting wood, by the number of 
years that Redwood will last for the 
same purpose. If it costs $500 to build 
a barn of a wood that will rot out in 
10 years, and a Redwood barn will last 
50 years — the saving is $2,000, because 
it is unnecessary to rebuild the barn 
four times at $500 each. 

Does that saving, Mr. Farmer, justify 
you paying a slight premium for Red- 
wood, if necessary? 

Redwood contains a natural preserva- 
tive. The living power of Redwood is 
so great that trees blown over in the 
woods long before Columbus discov- 
ered America, have been sawn into 
commercial lumber! In one instance 
(shown below) such a fallen tree was 
found underneath another big Red- 
wood that grew astraddle the uprooted 




RESISTS 

'[•16 1 



FIRE 



REDWOOD 

giant. When the standing tree was cut 
its rings showed it to be nearly i,ooo 
years old, which meant that the up- 
rooted tree had gone down i,ooo years 
ago. This fallen tree was 600 years old 
when it fell, yet the log was sound and 
healthy. 

The natural preservative in Red- 
wood not only protects it from decay, 
but rot-producing fungus growths so 
common in other woods do not attack 
Redwood. 

What Uncle Sam Says 

Read what the experts of the Bureau 
of Forestry of the U. S. Government 
say of Redwood's living power, in Bul- 
letin No. 38 : 

"Redwood timber possesses lasting 
qualities scarcely equaled by any other 
wood. Although very light and por- 
ous, it has antiseptic properties which 
prevent the growth of decay-produc- 
ing fungi. So far as is now known, 
none of the ordinary wood-rotting 
fungi grows in Redwood timber . This 
is an exceedingly valuable property, 
which should extend the use of the 




This Redwood post is located on the Petaluma and 
Santa Rosa electric line in Sonoma County, Cal. When 
the line was built through the ranch of H. Mechatn, a 
pioneer, the post was moved off the right of way. It 
was found absolutely free from rot, although it had 
been set over fifty years before. It stands today a trib- 
ute to a Californian's love of his native Redwood and 
its wonderful living power 



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[II] 



CALIFORNIA 

wood for all kinds of construction 
work. 

"It is because of its resistance to most 
forms of decay that Redwood reaches 
such a great age. A remarkable f^ct 
to be noted is that the innermost rings 
of most of the trees are as sound now 
as when first formed." 

Californians have recognized this rot- 
resisting property in Redwood from 
the time of the first settlers — the Rus- 
sians — and there are many cabins in the 
Redwood belt, still inhabited, that were 
built as far back as 1811. Fence posts 
dug out of the ground after 75 years 
show no rot. Redwood railroad ties 
that have been under the rails of the 
Southern Pacific for 55 years are still 
doing service in the side tracks. Red- 
wood tunnel and mining timbers are 
figured by engineers to give 20 to 25 
years' service. For mud sills, drain 
boxes, well casings, flumes, pipe lines, 




When the pulley shafts of the Pacific Tank & Pipe 
Company, San Francisco, persisted in getting out of 
alignment, investigation disclosed the 12" x 12" posts 
supporting the roof had rotted at the ground line, and 
vibration caused complete separation. Fortunately, 
these timbers were encased in i" x 12" Rcdzi'ood boards, 
originally intended to protect the posts (zvhich zvere not 
Redwood) against decay. The Rcdzvood boards zvere 
sound and actually carrying the zvcight intended for 
the posts! The building zvas only ten years old 



RESISTS FIRE 



REDWOOD 

tanks, coffin boxes, grape stakes and 
other uses where wood comes in con- 
tact with moist soil Redwood is always 
specified because it is dependable. 

How to Use Redwood 

For rough outside uses Redwood is 
splendidly adapted. In such service it 
makes little difference whether the 
Redwood is dry or not. 

For interior and exterior finish, how- 
ever. Redwood should always be thor- 
oughly seasoned — which means absolute- 
ly dry through and through. 

It is, of course, not wise to put a sappy 
piece of Redwood — or of any other kind 
of wood — in the ground, or on the ground, 
unless the remainder of the piece that 
does not contain sap is of sufficient size 
to do the work required ; wherever used, 
Redwood sapwood is as durable as the 
heart wood of any other construction 
lumber. The sapwood in a tree has low 
vitality or living powder, due to the fact 
that it is in a growing stage and is not 
mature. Sapwood in Redwood lumber 





#rt^- 




m-,'^ - 


I 


m 



A Redwood pipe line — tliey build them from lo inches 
to ij feet in diameter 



DEFIES ROT 

[I3l 



CALIFORNIA 

can be readily seen in the difference of 
color. The sap is white, while the heart 
wood is reddish. 

The Whiting Wrecking Com- 
pany, Los Angeles, California, 
in wrecking a building for the 
new annex of the Alexandria 
Hotel, found the foundation 
consisted of 3-inch x 12-inch 
Redwood plank, laid on the 
ground. Although down 35 
years the Redwood plank was 
sound, and was ripped into 3- 
inch X 4-inch pieces and used 
for fence posts. 

Preservatives Unnecessary 

Redwood does not have to be coated 
with creosote or tar — nature has pro- 
vided its own preservative . The natural 
preservative in Redwood permeates all 
parts of the wood. Preservatives that 
are put on other lumber to increase its 
life in exposed uses, by brushing, or 
"dipping," protect only the external 
surface and cannot prevent decay from 
the inside. 

For siding, sheathing, roofing (shin- 
gles or shakes), window and door 
frames, exterior trim and other uses ex- 
posed to the weather Redwood resists 
decay. 

Not only does Redwood resist rot, 
but it defies the attack of acid and 
alkalis. For this reason it is used for 
tank stock where corrosive acids and 




A typical Redwood stock tank — the kind that last tht 
lonsest and give the least trouble 



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[14] 



R E D W Q O D 

alkalis are necessary in the manufac- 
turing process. Redwood stave pipe 
conveys these destructive chemicals 
where other materials fail. 

Best for Stock Tanks 

For supply tanks, stock tanks, feed 
troughs, pipe lines, etc.. Redwood is 
especially adapted because of its re- 
sistance to rot in contact with moisture 
or wet soil. Painting is unnecessary. 

Redwood tanks should be ''cured" 
before used. Tanks not cured discolor 
water. The simplest and quickest way 
to cure a Redwood tank is to fill it with 
water and add slacked lime, using one 
bucket of slacked lime to about 200 
gallons of water. Let it stand 48 hours. 
Then thoroughly scrub the tank, refill- 
ing it with water, which should stand 
for 12 hours. Thoroughly rinse the 
tank before using. 

Redwood for this equipment on the 
farm cuts out continuous trouble and 
expense in repairs due to rot. In addi- 
tion to Redwood having such wonder- 
fully long life, it is light in weight and 
can be easily handled by the farm labor. 
Build your farm tanks, pipe 
lines, feed troughs of Red- 
wood and you build to last a 
life-time. 




This bored six-inch Redwood pipe was used for i6 
years as a part of the underground public water dis- 
tribution system at Fort Bragg, Cal. After being taken 
from the ground they were piled, as seen above, for 
10 years. They were then bought by a rancher and in- 
stalled on his ranch for a water supply. These pipes 
show living, healthy Redwood, with no decay, and are 
still good for 75 years of service ! 



DEFIES ROT 
[151 




CALIFORNIA 

Redwood 

shingles and shakes 

are the best 

EDWOOD Shingles or Shakes as 
a roof covering give not only 
long life, but also fire protection. 

No other shingle or substi- 
tute gives the ideal combina- 
tion of rot resistance and fire 
retardance, with the additional 
merit of being rust-proof, and 
free from tar, gum or any- 
other substance to melt in the 
sun and fill up gutters, water 
pipes or drains. 

On permanent high-class construction 
we recommend that Redwood shingles 
be paint-dipped before laying. They then 
make a covering that will last many, 
many years without further attention. 

The Redwood shake is, in effect, a 36- 
inch long shingle, 6 inches wide, and % 
of an inch uniform thickness. For best 
service on roofs, quarter-pitch or less, 
they may be laid 24 inches to the 
weather, which means an overlap of 12 
inches ; when the roof is more than 
quarter-pitch, a 6-inch overlap, which 
gives a 30-inch weather exposure, will 




Southern California home with Redzvood shake siding 
and shingle roof. Note the attractive combination 



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[16] 



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suffice, although a 12-inch overlap is 
recommended for a tight and service- 
able roof. There is, however, no set rule 
for laying shakes, and the overlap can 
be varied to suit local conditions. 

The Redwood shake, which may be 
either split or sawn, is a typical Cali- 
fornia covering, ideal for everything 
from bungalows to barns. They fre- 
quently are used for side-wall coverings 
on buildings because of the striking im- 
provement in appearance. 

Redwood shingles and shakes will 
give from 25 to 40 years of inexpensive 
and no-worry service. 

Lay Redwood shingles 4^ inches to 
the weather on roofs, and 5 inches to 
the weather on walls. 

You can buy Redwood shingles in 
two grades. No. i Clear and *A*. The 
former is a carefully selected vertical 
grain shingle, absolutely free from all 
defects, and is used invariably on 
coverings where the question of ser- 
vice demands first consideration ; the 
latter is "slash" grain, capable of pro- 
ducing a strikingly picturesque effect 
when used as bungalow siding. 

In 1893 Redwood shingles were 
taken from the roof of General U. S. 
Grant's headquarters, at Fort Hum- 
boldt, California, where they had been 
for 40 years. The wood was absolutely 
sound and without a trace of rot, al- 




A Redwood split-shake roof — the kind that is good fc 
a half century and more of water-tight protection 



DEFIES ROT 



[17] 



CALIFORNIA 

though the shing-les were worn thin by 
wind-driven sand. 

Redwood shingles or shakes 
should never be laid with any 
but solid copper, solid zinc, hot- 
dipped, zinc-coated or old-fash- 
ioned cut iron nails. The natural 
preservative in Redwood will 
attack and destroy the ordinary 
nails used for shingling. 

A typical example of Redwood shin- 
gle service is found in the following 
letter from A. Cottrell, Eureka, Cal. : 

"In the winter of 1870, I shingled 
my house at Eureka with Redwood 
shingles. They were first painted 
about the year 1880, and again 
about 1895. The shingles were not 
removed from the roof of the house 
until September, 1913. They were 
in service 42 years, and on being 
taken off the roof were found to be 
in first-class condition. Had they been 
painted when first laid and kept paint- 
ed every few years, I believe they 
would have been good for twice that 
length of time." 




Mission Dolores, San Francisco. Built by the Spanish 
padres in 1776, the year the Declaration of Independence 
was signed. The Redwood trusses are mortised and 
bound with rawhide thongs, but after the big earth- 
quake of 1906 they were bolted as a precautionary meas- 
ure. The Redwood hewn rafters too are still in perfect 
condition after 141 years ser^-ice 



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REDWOOD SHINGLE ROOF CONSTRUCTION 




should be 



l^--..8l — ^ 

(edge view of shingles) 

Rafters i8" on centers. Sheathing boards i" x 6" , laid 

9" on centers. Redwood shingles laid 4^/2" to 

iveather. Small circles shoiv nails 



SHAKES FOR SIDE CONSTRUCTION 




(edge view shows double thickness of shakes 

making half-inch wall) 

6" X 36" sawn shakes laid 18" to weather. Studding 18'' 

on centers. Sheathing i" x 6", 9" on centers. 

Small circles show nails 

SHAKE ROOF CONSTRUCTION 






^F 



m- 



'^ 









^ 



Shakes laid in double rows to make y^' roof 24 inches 
to the weather. Small circles show nails 



DEFIES 



ROT 



[19] 



CALIFORNIA 



A strong 
wood for 
its weight 




EASONED Redwood is one of 
the strongest woods for its weight. 
Dry Redwood weighs 26.2 
pounds per cubic foot — slightly 
less than Cypress, which weighs 
27.6. It is equal in strength to Cypress, 
and its breaking strength, according to 
U. S. Government figures, is 62 per 
cent of that of White Oak, which is 
one of the strongest and toughest of 
American woods. 

The standard of lumber weight and 
measure is based on a ''board-measure" 
foot. A board-measure foot means a piece 
one inch thick and 12 inches square. One- 
inch boards, in the rough, dry, weigh 2400 
pounds per 1000 board-measure feet. The 
same boards dressed smooth on two sides 
would weigh 2000 pounds, and if dressed 
four sides will weigh 1800 pounds. 

The hardest possible service to which 
wood can be subjected is the railway 
tie. It is not only in constant contact 
with moist soil, but it must stand the 
strain and stresses of swiftly moving 
heavy trains. In his report on ''Timber ; 
An Elementary Discussion of the Char- 
acteristics and Properties of Wood," to 




A Southern California 45-year-old Redzvood ham with 

shake roof. A 45-year water-tight barn that requires no 

attention is a pretty good one, isn't itf 



RESISTS FIRE 

[20] 



REDWOOD 

the Division of Forestry, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Filibert Roth, 
Special Agent in Charge of Timber 
Physics, gives the following table on 
the — 



Life of Railroad Ties 

YEARS 

Redwood 12 

Black Locust 10 

Cypress and Red Cedar .... 10 
Oak (White and Chestnut) . . 8 

Chestnut 8 

Tamarack 7 to 8 

Cherry, Black Wahiut, Locust . . 7 

Elm 6 to 7 

Long Leaf Pine 6 

Hemlock 4 to 6 

Spruce 5 

Red and Black Oaks . . . 4 to 5 
Ash, Beech, Maple 4 

Grows Stronger with Age 

Redwood actually grows stronger with 
age ! This has been demonstrated by 
tests made at the University of Cal- 
ifornia. Timbers taken from a house 
built 37 years ago, on the Campus of 
the University, at Berkeley, were test- 
ed and found to be actually stronger 
than the day when the building was 
erected. There wasn't the slightest 
trace of decay in these timbers, and 
when sawn the wood w^as virile and 
healthy in color and texture. Air sea- 
soning had taken place under the most 
favorable conditions. 

The 37 - year Redwood had a 



longitudinal 


crushing 


strength 


one-quarter 


greater than 


Red- 


wood which 


had been 


air 


seas- 


oned two years. 



DEFIES ROT 

[21 ] 




CALIFORNIA 

How to ^^ 

paint or stain ^H 

Redwood ^^ 

ECAUSE of its soft, absorbing 
nature Redwood is an ideal sur- 
face over which to paint. 

Never apply paint to Red- 
wood unless the wood is ab- 
solutely dry. 

Never paint Redwood after a rainy 
day, as the wood contains moisture ab- 
sorbed from the damp air. Until it is 
thoroughly dried out best results can- 
not be secured. 

Shellac should not be used on knots or 
sap in painting exterior Redwood. For 
interior painting knots and sap can be 
shellacked lightly, but not until the 
priming coat is applied. If shellac is ap- 
plied directly to Redwood it is likely to 
scale. 

For Painting Exteriors 

For exterior painting, such as siding, 
etc., three coats makes a very satisfactory 
and lasting job. It is important that the 
first or priming coat should be applied 
properly. The priming coat should be 
thinned and well brushed out, giving 
the wood opportunity to absorb it, and 
also to cover the surface uniformly. 

The following mixtures are used with 
thoroughly satisfactory results by the 
painters of CaUfornia, who have been 
painting Redwood for many years : 

First or priming coat : 

lOO lbs. white lead (ground in oil), 
4 gals, raw linseed oil, 
I gal. turpentine, 
I pint liquid drier. 

Second coat : 

lOO lbs. of white lead (ground in oil), 
3 gals, raw linseed oil, 
I gal. turpentine, 
I pint liquid drier. 

RESISTS FIRE 

[22] 



REDWOOD 

Third coat : 

100 lbs. white lead (ground in oil). 
3/^ gals, linseed oil. 
I pint liquid drier. 
(Color is to be added). 

Turpentine should not be added to 
the third coat of paint, as it weakens 
the oil film and lessens the protective 
value. 

Where two coats only are used the 
second coat should be mixed as fol- 
lows : 

100 lbs. white lead. 
4 gals, raw linseed oil. 
yl gal. liquid dryer. 

By adding half pound lamp or drop 
black (ground in oil) to the priming 
coat a better covering is secured. This 
gives a pearl-gray efifect that will have 
almost as much hiding power as two 
coats of pure white. Pearl gray being a 
neutral color, white or other tints may 
be used over it. 

The first coat should be al- 
lowed 48 hours to dry, and the 
second coat 24 hours, depend- 
ing upon weather conditions. 
Some house painters in California pre- 
fer litharge as a dryer. If litharge is 
used in the above mixtures instead of a 
liquid dryer, use 5 lbs. for the first coat, 
2 lbs. for the second coat, and i lb. for 
the third coat. As litharge is a heavy 
substance and has a tendency to settle 
to the bottom of the paint can, if it is 
used the paint should be stirred fre- 
quently to keep it in proper solution. 

For final coat in painting white it is 
advisable to use 75 lbs. of white lead 
(ground in oil) and 25 lbs. of zinc 
(ground in oil), instead of the 100 lbs. of 
white lead. Never use more than this 
proportion because of the brittle nature 
of zinc. 

For a cheap paint to be used on barns, 
fences, sheds, etc., ochre can be substitut- 
ed for the white lead, and distillate used 
instead of turpentine. These substitutes, 
however, do not produce the same lasting 
results as a moderate priced prepared 

DEFIES ROT 
[23I 



CALIFORNIA 

barn paint made of red oxide and lin- 
seed oil. 

Prepared paints of standard quality, 
if properly applied, according to print- 
ed instructions on the package, also 
produce splendid results on Redwood. 

Best for White Enamel 

Redwood can be sanded to a smooth 
surface, and there is no trouble with 
raised grain. For this reason it is highly 
preferred by painters for white enamel- 
ing. It not only absorbs and holds paint 
well, but makes a glassy, smooth fin- 
ish possible. For white enameling two 
coats of preparatory paint and one of 
enamel will make a serviceable job. 
Three coats of preparatory paint and 
one of enamel will do a good job, 
while five coats of preparatory paint 
and one of enamel will make a high- 
class job. 

Redwood Interior Trim 

For interior finish Redwood should not 
be painted any more than you would 
cover oak or mahogany. Redwood's 
beauty for interior finish lies in its in- 




Paneled bedroom in "The Home of Redwood," Panama- 
Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915. 
The"Home of Redwood" was awarded the Grand Price, 
the highest honor bestowed 



RESISTS FIRE 

[24] 



R 



E D W O O D 



dividualit}^ its soft, warm tone and col- 
or possibilities. 

Redwood will add charm to the farm 
house. In its natural color Redwood 
ranges from light cherry to mahogany. 

Finished in its natural color, waxed, 
it gives a soft and cheery effect. In na- 
tural finish a paste filler may be used, 
but it is not necessary. 

It can be stained to any color desired 
by stains for exclusive use on Red- 
wood. These stains are cheap, and can 
be applied successfully by any painter 
of ordinary intelligence who follows in- 
structions. Only two coats of stain are 
required. 

There isn't anything prettier than 
the paneled room. You can idealize 
with Redwood panels. The ''slash 
e'rain" Redwood panel yields wonder- 
ful effects, both in its natural finish, 
waxed, as well as stained to any color 




Redwood paneled hall and stairway. Even this small 
picture suggests the beauty of the large panels. Red- 
wood gives that "homey" effect 



DEFIES 



ROT 



[25] 



CALIFORNIA 

desired. The ''slash grain" as distin- 
guished from the "vertical grain" is a 
figure produced on the panel by sawing 
with the grain instead of at right 
angles to it. It produces a wavy effect, 
contrasted to the straight, close lines 
in the 'Vertical" cut. 

When you finish your house in Red- 
wood you finish it with lumber and not 
a veneer. 

Use Pure Paints and Oils 

Always use pure paints and oils. 
*'Doped" paint is money wasted. Good 
paint never scales ; it disappears in a 
dust as the oil that holds the pigments 
dissipates with age. A scaly paint 
means a lack of adhesive power due to 
poor oils. 

In painting exteriors always remem- 
ber that the wearing power of paint on 
the north side of the building is from 
three to four times greater than that of 
the southern exposure, where the heat 
of the sun is greater. An extra coat is 
recommended over southern exposures 
to give a more uniform wearing ap- 
pearance. 

Painting Redwood is not a secret art. It 
is merely intelligent application of pure 
ingredients. 




The charm of a Redwood home. Note the beauty of 

the panels. This room is finished in the 

natural color by waxing 



R E S I 



S T^ s 

[26 ] 



FIRE 



REDWOOD 

Redwood 
"stays put" 
when it's dry 



MMHHjHEN properly cured, California 
I 1 Wl Redwood can be depended upon 
i ' ^1 to "stay put." 

I^^JI All lumber will shrink when 

"green" — which means before it 

has been seasoned by drying either in 

the air and sun, or in artificially heated 

kilns or giant ovens. 

Redwood is cured both by air drying 
and by artificial heat in kilns. Where 
Redwood is intended for interior use see 
that it is properly seasoned, which means 
thoroughly dry. Thoroughly dry Red- 
wood will not shrink, warp or swell. 

No set rule can be given to determine 
whether Redwood is thoroughly dry. A 
good test is to saw off a piece, which 
should show a uniform dryness. If there 
is a moist spot on the inside, it is not 
thoroughly dry. 

Where Redwood is intended for rough 
outside use it is not necessary that it be 
seasoned or dry. The natural moisture in 
Redwood is a preserving agency. 

Redwood is used for such delicate 
purposes as organ pipes — and it is 
needless to tell you that the slightest 
shrink, warp or swell in an organ pipe 
would be disastrous to the tone of the 
instrument. 

Read what General Manager A. E. 
Streetor, of the California Organ Com- 
pany, Los Angeles, writes : 

"The principal advantage to us is 
the absolute assurance that our 
work is going to stay 'put' after 
completion. For instance, a Red- 
wood pipe does not expand or con- 
tract under a great variety of cli- 
matic and atmospheric conditions. 
This is extremely essential, inas- 
much as the cubical area of the pipe 
concludes the pitch, and should a 

DEFIES ROT 

[27l 



CALIFORNIA 

pipe move from its fixed position, 
an instrument would move slightly 
out of pitch. 

"In the wind chests of an instru- 
ment we find Redwood to be of ex- 
ceptional value, inasmuch as there 
are hundreds of small felt and 
leather valves. Should the wood ex- 
ude pitch, these tiny parts would 
stick and refuse to work. 

"It is also of advantage in wind 
chest work, because it is essential 
that these chests should be air- 
tight, and the possibility of check- 
ing is minimized in the use of 
properly dried Redwood." 

Also read the letter from the President 
of the Petaluma Incubator Company, 
which will be found under ''Redwood In- 
cubators," on pages 31-32. 

These are the highest possi- 
ble tests of Redwood's "stay- 
ing put" quality ! 




The Redwood stump has maternal instincts. It not only 
nourishes the "suckers" or "shoots" that grow into 
giant Redwoods, but in the above illustration you see 
a Redzvood stump that has mothered a maple tree. This 
remarkable incident is found in front of the Scotia 
Hotel, in Scotia, Cal. The maple tree is 32 inches in 
diameter and 30 feet high. The maple is apparently very 
happy, for it is a vigorous, healtJiy tree 



RESISTS FIRE 

[281 




R E D W O O D 

Culverts 
cesspools 
sub-soil drains 

OR lining cess pools, or for culverts 
and sub-surface drains. Redwood is 
cheaper and more serviceable than 
other materials. 
These are requirements on prac- 
tically every ranch or farm, and the 
farmer is naturally desirous of making 
installations that cost the least and last 
the longest. 

There are instances of Redwood tanks 
and pipe, buried in the ground from 25 to 
50 years, and are today in perfect pres- 
ervation and continuous use. In build- 
ing culverts and pipe, see that the steel 
bands are properly protected. 

For sub-surface drainage Redwood is 
cheaper than porous tile. Its resistance to 
rot makes it last years. Knock out the 
tight knots, bore a few holes in the 
boards, and this, together with any 
splits or uneven surface and rough 
joints, will leave sufficient ingress for 
water. 

Read the experience of a practical 
farmer : 

STANDISH & HICKEY LTD. 

San Francisco, Cal., July 7, 1916. 
Edwin E. Myers, Esq., 

Sec'y California Redwood Assn., 

51 Newhall Building, San Francisco. 

Dear Sir: 

Referring to yours of July 6th, regard- 
ing use of Redwood boxes for drainage on 
my ranch — 

I have found it profitable to use Redwood 
boxes in several thousand feet of drains. 
The ditches are about five feet deep; the 
soil is of such character they would rapidly 
fill unless tile or some substitute was put in. 

Knowing the lasting qualities of Redwood 
in the ground, we have put in boxes, with- 
out bottoms, using a No. 2 grade of common 
Redwood, without sap. 

The interior capacity of the boxes would 
run from 36 to 100 square inches. 

The cost of this box, compared with tiling, 
is far cheaper, and. of course, the boxes can 
be much more expeditiously laid. 
Respectfully yours, 

MILES STANDISH. 

DEFIES ROT 

[29] 



CALIFORNIA 



Long life 
sheds for 
implements 




F YOU can prolong the life of 
farm implements by protecting 
them under an implement shed, 
you will make a profit on that 
shed equal to the cost of the im- 
plement multiplied by its added length 
of life ! 

It is estimated that the av- 
erage life of farm machinery 
standing in the open is 5 years, 
while machinery protected by 
a shed is serviceable from 20 
to 25 years. 
Are you protecting your implements? 

On an average investment of $1,000 
per farm for machinery, an implement 
shed costing $250 will prolong the use- 
fulness of the implements equivalent to 
a saving of $1,800. Implement sheds can 
be built by farm labor. They are simple 
structures, in two types — the open 
shed and the wide, enclosed type. 

Use Redwood for the mud sills, the 
frame, siding and Redwood shake for 
the roof — then your shed will last as 
longf as the implement. 

Remember — Redwood saves the cost 
of painting, if desired. 

r 




A Redwood implement house — The kind that saves 
many times its cost 



RESISTS 

[30] 



FIRE 



R 



D W 



D 



Why it 
excels for 
incubators 




N THE manufacture of incuba- 
tors Redwood is more generally 
used than any other wood. This 
is because it is not affected by 
the difference in temperature be- 
tween the inside and the outside of the 
incubator. Also because it will not 
shrink or warp and will perfectly with- 
stand any test of climatic conditions. 

Petaluma, California, 

September 30, 1916. 
Dear Sir : 

"Before coming to California the 
writer used pine and other woods 
grown in Canada, but on coming to 
California Redwood was the most 
convenient to secure and it proved 
to be a very happy result, for the 
Redwood used in these goods never 
shrinks or swells and hence when 
we make good close joints to be- 
gin with, it remains so. Incubators 
made by us nearly forty years ago 
are still in use and, so far as the 
joints are concerned, they are as 
close now as when the machines 
were first constructed. 




A Redwood incubator. Read the above letter 



DEFIES ROT 

[31 ] 



CALIFORNIA 



"In our experience there is no 
wood which has come within our 
range that can equal or approach 
California Redwood for making 
Incubators and Brooders, and so 
thoroughly were we convinced of 
that, more than thirty-five ye-rs 
ago, that in all the time since v/e 
have not used other lumber. 

"We have found that in shipping 
our goods to the Philippine Islands, 
Australia, India, South Africa, Soutli 
American countries, such as Arg<"n- 
tine, Uruguay, Brazil, Peru ?nd 
Chili, that the Redwood stands t lie 
ravages of the insects, such as the 
great white ant. These insects, 
which seem to enjoy making a 
breakfast of other kinds of wood, 
will not touch the Redwood. 

"In addition we have shipped to 
almost every place on the globe. 
Our Incubators are used in Jerusa- 
lem, in Cairo, Egypt, in many of 
the islands of the Pacific and Atlan- 
tic Oceans, and in the countries 
south of us, such as Mexico, Guate- 
mala, Nicaragua, and even in the 
Canal Zone at the Isthmus. In 
some of latter mentioned sections 
we regard the climatic conditions 
as trying on any kind of wood. 

"There is no complaint, however, 
with Redwood. 

"Respectfully, 
"PETALUMA INCUBATOR 
COMPANY, 
"(Signed) L. C. Byce, 

"President." 




dEBROW^, PROP. BROWNSVILLE 



T 






Redivood is best for farm signs because it resists rot, 

holds paint firmly, and the posts last as long 

as the sign-boards 



RESISTS 

[32] 



FIRE 



REDWOOD 



Redwood is 
best for silos 




ULLETIN No. lOO, on the suita- 
bility of various woods for silo, 
issued by the Iowa State Agri- 
cultural Experimental Station, 
ists them in the following order : 

1. Redwood 

2. Cypress 

3. Oregon Fir 

4. Tamarack 

5. White Pine 

6. Long Leaf Yellow Pine 
This investigation was made with 
l^ainstaking care and took into consid- 
eration the living po^ver of the wood, 
its resistance to the action of the acids 
in silage, its warping and shrinking 
proclivities, its cost, its weight and all 
other features that enter into the most 
suitable material for a silo stave. As 
this investigation was conducted by 
farm experts who had no financial or 
other interest in any of the woods they 
were investigating, the farmer will 
recognize that their judgment is based 
upon an honest opinion formed with 
an open mind as the result of a careful 
study of experience Avith each of the 
Avoods named. 

Bulletin No. 7, of the Connecticut State 
Agricultural College, advises farmers 
that if they would secure the best re- 
sults from a silo the walls should be — 
"non-conducting to heat, cold and 
moisture. Silage undergoes a ripen- 
ing, somewhat similar to the ripen- 
ing of cheese, which softens the 
fibers, makes more digestible the 
proteins, and adds new and agree- 
able flavors. 

'There are advantages in the 
wooden silo over any other kind. 
In the first place wood is a poor 
conductor of heat. It conserves the 
warm temperature at the beginning 
of fermentation so the proper acid 
is formed, and prevents largely the 
freezing of silage. Second, silage 
keeps best against wood, and noth- 
ing is lost around the edges." 
Redwood meets these conditions. 

DEFIES ROT 

[33l 



CALIFORNIA 

Wood Silo Preferred 

The first question you must decide is 
— shall I build of wood, concrete or 
clay products? It is to your interest to 
build as economically as possible, of a 
material that cures silage the best, will 
last for years at the smallest up-keep 
cost. That means you will build of wood. 

A canvass made of the State of Kansas 
shows that there are lo wood silos to 
one of other materials, the canvass re- 
sulting as follows : 

"4,700 wood stave silos; 400 wood 
2x4 known as Common Sense; 50 
built of floorings; 5 Buff Jersey 
type; 160 monolithic concrete; 125 
metal lath; 100 cement stave; 20 
hollow tile; 100 galvanized iron; 40 
pit, or hole-in-the-ground, and 15 
brick." 

The Kansas farmer is generally recog- 
nized as a very shrewd individual. 
Furthermore, the silo in Kansas, by 
reason of the open prairie country, is 
subjected to the fierce heat of the sum- 
mer, the bitter colds of the winter, hur- 
ricane winds, heavy snows, etc. 

The fact there are lo wood silos to one 
of concrete or clay products in Kansas 
demonstrates that the Kansas farmer 
has learned by experience that wood is 
the most serviceable material for the 
silo, as well as the best container in 
which to cure silage. 




A typical Redwood silo and barn 



RESISTS FIRE 

[34I 



REDWOOD 

1 5 advantages of 
the Redwood silo 

1. Clear staves with minimum shrinkage. 

2. Resists rot. 

3. Is fire resistant. 

4. Is light and sufficiently strong to stand the 

greatest possible pressure that can be de- 
veloped in the silo. 

5. Does not have to be painted. 

6. Cheapest to build. 

7. Shipped ready to put up. 

8. Can be taken down and moved. 

9. Defective staves can be replaced at small 

cost. 

10. If blown down or collapsed, can be restored 

with farm labor. 

11. Good for 50 3'ears or more of service. 

12. Cures silage best because it is a non-con- 

ductor of heat and cold. 

13. Redwood does not have to be protected with 

tar or other preservative on the inside of 
the silo, and which contaminates the silage 
in contact with it. 

14. Redwood does not contain resin or pitch, 

nor exude gum or oil to contaminate the 
silage. Silage cured in a Redwood silo is 
sweet and good from wall to wall — there 
is no rotten or spoiled silage to be wasted. 
T=^. Redwood is absolutelv dependable. 

The so-called "permanent type" of 
silo, which includes concrete, tile, 
brick, etc., has these disadvantages : 

More expensive to build. 

If concrete, it requires building prac- 
tically a double wall wood silo for 
the concrete form. 

Cannot be moved. A crack affects 
the whole structure, making it cost- 
ly to repair, if it can be repaired. 

Concrete silos must be coated on 
the inner wall to prevent the silage 
attacking the lime in the con- 
crete. 

Concrete conducts heat and cold, 
allowing the silage to freeze in 
winter, and also dissipate the 
natural heat of the silage that is 
necessary to its proper cure. 

Concrete is porous and allows the 
moisture from the silage to trans- 
ude and evaporate. This admits 
air that rots the silage next to the 
inner wall. 

If blown over, or collapsed, it is a 
total loss. 

DEFIES ROT 

t35 1 



CALIFORNIA 

How to 

buy Redwood 

to best advantage 

Redwood is without doubt the best adapt- 
ed and most useful wood for the farm or 
ranch. 

The wise farmer is as much interested 
in his farm buildings as he is in his grow- 
ing crops. He is constantly in need of 
lumber. 

There are ways of saving money in the 
purchase of lumber. For instance, never 
be afraid of a short length. The short 
length and narrow stock is available at 
attractive prices, and it is the handiest 
kind of lumber to buy for tinkering. 

The cost of lumber increases with 
the length and the width of the board. 
If you want two 8-foot lengths of a 12- 
inch board, don't buy a 16-foot 12-inch 
board and saw it in tAvo. It pays to buy 
four 8-foot lengths of 6-inch stock, pro- 
viding the joint is not objectionable. 
Short, narrow lum.ber is, as a rule, bet- 
ter than long lengths. Because of its 
small size it admits fewer and smaller 
defects. The longer and wider a board 
the larger in size and number are de- 
fects allowed. 

A Wicked Extravagance 

A wicked extravagance of the Amer- 
ican public is its demand for long, clear 
stock in lumber. A knot or knot-hole, 
a split, sap streak or a piece of bark 
along the edge seems to create a feeling 
that full value is not secured. This 
means that lumber mills have a bigger 
demand for upper grades, and always 
have an accumulation of short length, 
narrow stock, which is sold at a sacri- 
fice. 

Fortunes are being made by far-see- 
ing manufacturers wdio buy low grades. 
cut out the knots and defects and turn 
out absolutely clear refined products. 
such as door and window casings, frames 

RESISTS FIRE 

[36] 



REDWOOD 

and hundreds of other articles on the 
market. They buy their stock in low 
grades to get a percentage of clear or 
sound cuttings. 

Something About Grades 

Redwood lumber is manufactured and 
sold according to standard grades. The 
price you pay for lumber depends upon 
the grade. If it is an ''upper" grade, con- 
sisting of clear and sound stock, in stand- 
ard lengths of from lo to 20 feet, as 
Redwood comes, you pay higher prices. 
If it is in the ''common" grades, which 
include lumber that has defects such as 
knots, shakes and splits, sap, etc., it can 
be purchased at a much lower price. 

The thing for you to keep in mind, Mr. 
Farmer, is that this so-called "common" 
lumber is the economical wood for use on 
the farm. There is no difference in the 
lasting and fire-resisting qualities be- 
tween the low grades and the high grades 
of Redw^ood lumber. 

The ''upper" grades in Redwood are 

"Clear," 

"Sap," "Select," or "A," 

"Standard," or "B." 
The "common" grades are 

"Extra Merchantable," 

":\Ierchantable," 

"Construction." 
There are other grades known as 
"shop common," "sub - flooring and 
sheathing stock," which are for special 
purposes. The "shop common" must 
contain 50 per cent of stock clear on 
both sides, and is intended for manu- 
facturing purposes. Sub-flooring and 
sheathing stock admits defects that 
render the same material unfit for sub- 
stantial construction work, but does 
not impair its usefulness and desirabil- 
ity for sub-flooring or sheathing. 

The grade of "construction" is desig- 
nated especially to meet the demand 
for Redwood lumber suitable for the 
ordinary construction purposes. Buy it 
fr)r the farm. 

DEFIES ROT 

[37] 



CALIFORNIA 

For cheap barn siding you can buy 
rustic, or drop siding, which costs less 
than I X i2-inch boards. It gives great- 
er satisfaction, and battens are not nec- 
essary. It is made from i x 6, i x 8 and 
I x lo-inch boards. 

For flumes use Redwood Extra Aler- 
chantable grade. 

For fence posts Redwood Merchant- 
able grade is satisfactory in the sawn 
post, or, if a split post is desired, the 
4 x 5-inch, 7-foot, should be used. 

For silos the best grade of clear on 
one face RedAVOod is recommended. 

Redwood Is Not Expensive 

Redwood is not an expensive wood, 
and particularly in the so-called com- 
mon grades. If a slight premium is 
asked for Redwood in eastern territory, 
it is worth it in its wonderful living 
power and resistance to fire. 

WRITE us 

The California Redwood Association has 
been organized by the manufacturers of 
this remarkable lumber for the purpose 
of supplying the public with accurate and 
dependable information about Redwood. 

We solicit your inquiries, which will re- 
ceive prompt and cheerful attention. 

CALIFORNIA REDWOOD 
ASSOCIATION, 

(Dept.'F") 
713 Call Building, 
San Francisco, Cal. 



Write for free copy of the "Child's Story of the 'Big 

Trees' of California." There's one for every 

child in the nation 



RE D W O O D 

[38 1 



ISSUED BY 

CALIFORNIA REDWOOD ASSOCIATION 

E. A. Selfridge, Jr., President, 
Edwin E. Myers, Secretary-Manager, 
W. J. HoTCHKiss, Chairman, 

Trade Extension Committee. 



March i 
B- 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





Redwood 
Assodalion 

San IVaitdsco 



Redwood was awarded 
the 

Grand Prize and 
the Gold Medal 

the highest recognition 
of superior merit, by the 
Panama-Pacific Inter- 
national Exposition, at 
San Francisco in 1915. 



